30^th International Congress on Nursing Education and Primary Health Care August 26-27, 2022 Vancouver, Canada

Signs and symptoms of breast cancer may include:

• A breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding tissue
• Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast
• Changes to the skin over the breast, such as dimpling
• A newly inverted nipple
• Peeling, scaling, crusting or flaking of the pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple (areola) or breast skin
• Redness or pitting of the skin over your breast, like the skin of an orange

When to see a doctor

If you find a lump or other change in your breast — even if a recent mammogram was normal — make an appointment with your doctor for prompt evaluation.

A cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts.

Breast cancer can occur in women and rarely in men. Symptoms of breast cancer include a lump in the breast, bloody discharge from the nipple and changes in the shape or texture of the nipple or breast. Its treatment depends on the stage of cancer. It may consist of chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy and surgery.

After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.

Substantial support for breast cancer awareness and research funding has helped created advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Breast cancer survival rates have increased, and the number of deaths associated with this disease is steadily declining, largely due to factors such as earlier detection, a new personalized approach to treatment and a better understanding of the disease.

Surgery is an invasive technique with the fundamental principle of physical intervention on organs/organ systems/tissues for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons.

As a general rule, a procedure is considered surgical when it involves cutting of a person's tissues or closure of a previously sustained wound. Other procedures that do not necessarily fall under this rubric, such as angioplasty or endoscopy, may be considered surgery if they involve "common" surgical procedure or settings, such as use of a sterile environment, anesthesia, antiseptic conditions, typical surgical instruments, and suturing or stapling. All forms of surgery are considered invasive procedures; so-called "noninvasive surgery" usually refers to an excision that does not penetrate the structure being excised (e.g. laser ablation of the cornea) or to a radiosurgical procedure (e.g. irradiation of a tumor).

Why it's done

The goal of cancer treatment is to achieve a cure for your cancer, allowing you to live a normal life span. This may or may not be possible, depending on your specific situation. If a cure isn't possible, your treatments may be used to shrink your cancer or slow the growth of your cancer to allow you to live symptom free for as long as possible.

Cancer treatments may be used as:

Primary treatment. The goal of a primary treatment is to completely remove the cancer from your body or kill all the cancer cells.

Any cancer treatment can be used as a primary treatment, but the most common primary cancer treatment for the most common types of cancer is surgery. If your cancer is particularly sensitive to radiation therapy or chemotherapy, you may receive one of those therapies as your primary treatment.

Adjuvant treatment. The goal of adjuvant therapy is to kill any cancer cells that may remain after primary treatment in order to reduce the chance that the cancer will recur.

Any cancer treatment can be used as an adjuvant therapy. Common adjuvant therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormone therapy.

Neoadjuvant therapy is similar, but treatments are used before the primary treatment in order to make the primary treatment easier or more effective.

Palliative treatment. Palliative treatments may help relieve side effects of treatment or signs and symptoms caused by cancer itself. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and hormone therapy can all be used to relieve symptoms. Other medications may relieve symptoms such as pain and shortness of breath.

Palliative treatment can be used at the same time as other treatments intended to cure your cancer.

Nursing Education which is provided to nursing students helps them in changing into well labile to their work by medical as well as nursing professional and to care of the patients. Nursing Education and Research are focused on the best prepare of nurses to meet health care needs of the society. Demographic, cultural, social and technological changes, as well as the continuous modifications in health services and health care organizations are a challenge for nurses, who have to provide advanced nursing practice and education. This education is furnished to Nursing college students with the aid of experienced nurses and different medical specialists who have qualified or experienced for instructional responsibilities.

• Nursing Ethics
• Nursing Management
• Nursing Leadership

Nursing is a science, as well as a fine art of Care. It is a complex ever changing profession with ethics, standards, and prime practices to improve your quality of care. Nurses are trained to tailor their practices and give patients care that suits their comforts and needs. The nursing practice involves core involvements with research development, implementation and analysis. Improving patient safety by improving quality in nursing care is the main component of their practices with specialized knowledge, skill, and independent decision making.

The practice of nursing requires specialized knowledge, skills and independent decision making a nurse who works in a medical practice or surgery. Practice nursing they work in GP surgeries where they provide nursing care, healthcare, and health education to patients of all ages.

• Restorative practices modify the impact of illness and disease.
• Supportive practices are oriented toward modification of relationships or the environment to support health.

Nurses and midwives continue to be on the front line fighting COVID-19 daily and providing essential health services. This puts them at high risk of contracting communicable diseases including COVID-19.

Ever wondered what it feels like to be a nurse and midwife during the COVID-19 pandemic? Share your inspiring stories as health workers in Nursing Education 2021 Conference.

• Responsibilities of Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic
• Role of Nurse in Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Pandemic
• Role of Nurse for Preparing the Pregnant Women with SARS Co-V2 Infection
• Role of Nurse for Preparing the Family with SARS Co-V2 Infection
• Role of Nurse as a Caregivers of COVID-19 Patients

Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, illness, injuries and various physical and mental ailments in humans constitute healthcare. It is an important sector in promoting general, physical, mental health and well-being of people around the world. Healthcare is initiated by providing the primary, secondary, and tertiary care for the public health. The healthcare sectors are dedicated in providing healthcare services and products through group of trained and experienced professionals from interdisciplinary teams.

A Women's Health Nurse Practitioner is an advanced-practice nurse who specializes in the comprehensive care of women throughout the lifespan with emphasis on conditions unique to women from menarche through the remainder of their life cycle.

Midwives are well suited, trained health professional to provide prenatal care during labor and birth and care after birth. They have additional training and credentials for childbirth nursing education, breastfeeding consultation, and/or doula care. Midwives deliver babies at the hospitals or home depending on the customer’s expectation and severity of the pregnant women. Apart from providing care to women during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, they may also provide primary care related to reproductive health, including annual gynaecological tests, family planning, and menopausal care. They are specialists in pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and well-woman health care.

Quality care: Now a days in rural areas most of the hospital managements are not responded properly to the patients, so that we need to improve the quality management system in the hospitals like quality of care and healthcare it means how the nurses are response on that time a doctor’s are beside manner, the atmosphere of the hospital it will be affect the people how they feel about the healthcare in the hospital.

Patient care: Patient care is very important via the treating the patient it will give the attention, time and to take care of them and well things to do. It will affect on their patient health and Patient-centered care is the practice of caring for patients (and their families) in ways that are meaningful and valuable to the individual patient.  It includes listening to, informing and involving patients in their care. 

While most nurses care for one patient at a time, public health nurses care for entire populations. By working with whole communities, public health nurses are able to educate people about health issues, improve community health and safety and increase access to care. Public health nurses believe a person’s health is affected by many factors, including genetic makeup, lifestyle and environment. Instead of waiting for patients to come to the hospital with an illness, they go into communities to try and help people improve their health and prevent disease. For people who don’t have access to care, public health nurses may also provide direct health care services, including preventive care, screening services and health education.

Cardiac nursing is a work with patient those has suffer from the various condition of cardiovascular system. Most of the cardiovascular clinical nurse specialists work in the hospitals. They care for the critically ill patients, and those who are recovering from the cardiac procedures such as bypass, angioplasty/pacemaker surgery. Cardiac nurses help treat conditions such as  cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction and cardiac dysrhythmia under the direction of a cardiologist. The Cardiac nurses may also help the patients recover at home.

• Cardiac Anesthesiology
• Heart attack/Heart failure
•  Cardiomyopathy
•  Caring for heart transplant patients
•  Health care for cardiovascular diseases
•  Coronary artery disease
•  Heart muscle disease (Cardiomyopathy)

Adult health nurses are basically nurses who provide health care services to a specific population a typically young adults, adults, and older adults. The primary objectives of the adult health nurse are to play a role in, and to help facilitate, the promotion, maintenance, supervision, and restoration of the patient health. An adult health nurse, also known as an adult health practitioner, is often responsible for more things than an ordinary nurse. In many cases, adult health nurses will operate as leaders, advocates, and those working as a adult nurses also act as educators. In addition to taking vital signs and getting medical histories, and these nurses also order tests and laboratory work and keep doctors updated on patients health. These nurses can work with patients suffering from chronic conditions and those with new or recent illnesses, injuries and diseases of the patient health.

Community health nurses, sometimes called public health nurses, are registered nurses  who are trained to work in public health settings such as county or state health departments, schools, jails, and businesses. Community health nurses support the health and well-being of individuals, families, groups, communities, populations and systems. They practise in health centres, homes, schools and other community-based settings.

Community nurses act as:

• Educators
• disease and injury prevention specialists
• research scientists
• community advocates

Forensic nursing is defined as the application of the nursing process to public or legal proceedings, and the application of forensic health care in the scientific investigation of trauma and or death related to abuse, violence, criminal activity, liability, and accidents. Forensic nursing combines nursing practice and forensics in the scientific investigation of death and injury resulting from criminal activity and accidents. The specialized training that forensic nurses receive related to both the medical and legal needs of these patients drives demand for the specialty. Forensic nursing includes roles such as

• Clinical forensic nurse
• Forensic nurse investigator
• Forensic nurse examiner
• Forensic correctional or institutional nurse

A neuroscience nurse is a nursing professional that helps patients suffering from neurological problems. This can include injuries, such as head and spinal trauma from accidents, or illnesses, such as Parkinson’s disease, meningitis, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. Neurological nurses will often have a hand in treating patients with neurological problems as well.

• Brain tumors
• Parkinson 
• Alzheimer’s
• Encephalitis
• CNS Disorder

Dental thought is essential to counteract dental illness and to stay up legitimate dental and oral well-being. A dental nurse is an essential part of the dental team, helping to ensure that the patient is well cared for ans as a dental nurse it is important to be friendly, calm and efficient and have a reassuring and welcoming manner. And the role of the dental assistants should support the dental operator by typically passing the instruments during the treatment. In a dental practice you will welcome patients and provide direct support with the treatment itself:

• taking responsibility for the decontamination of instruments
• maintaining dental operating equipment
• ensuring that all relevant materials and supplies are in place
• looking after patient records – including making notes when the dentist is examining a patient

The nurse-to-patient ratio is only one aspect of the relationship between nursing workload and patient safety. Overall nursing workload is likely linked to patient outcomes as well. As nursing care spans all areas of care delivery, nurses are well placed to prevent harm to patients and improve the quality and safety of healthcare delivered across all settings. Nurses are at the bedside, monitoring and caring for patients 24/7. As a nurse, you learn from an early stage in your career that patient safety is a nurse’s top priority.

Clinical Nurse Specialists are registered nurses, who have graduate level nursing preparation at the master's or doctoral level as a CNS. Nursing and a clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is an advanced practice nurse who can provide expert advice related to specific conditions or treatment pathways. They are clinical experts in evidence-based nursing practice within a specialty area, treating and managing the health concerns of patients and populations.

Nursing is unique among the health care professions in the United States in that it has multiple educational pathways leading to an entry-level license to practice. Nursing students are able to pursue three different educational pathways to become registered nurses. Nursing research and education become more focused internationally to disseminate information and benefit from the multicultural experience. These various pathways provide numerous opportunities for women and men of modest means and diverse backgrounds to access careers. Changes in nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education are:

• Improving access to care 
• Promoting nursing leadership  
• Transforming nursing education   
• Increasing diversity in nursing 

Telenursing refers to the use of information technology in the provision of nursing services whenever physical distance exists between patient and nurse, or between any number of nurses. As a field, it is part of telemedicine, and has many points of contacts with other medical and non-medical applications, such as

• Telediagnosis
• Telemonitoring

Travel nurses are unique in that they are able to move from location to location based on their contract, and interact with patients from numerous locations. Travel nurses are able to broaden their experiences both professionally and personally through their journey.

Orthopaedic nurses focus on musculoskeletal issues and diseases that include fractured bones, arthritis, joint replacements and osteoporosis. Orthopaedic nurses are familiar with traction, casting, mobility devices, and pain management. Orthopaedic nurses work in hospital units, offices, and outpatient care clinics. They work with a wide age range of patients and care for both men and women. They can help care for physical issues, as well as intricate disease management.

A surgical nurse, also referred to as a theatre nurse or scrub nurse, specializes in preoperative care, providing care to patients before, during and after surgery. There are many different phases during surgery where the theatre nurse is needed to support and assist the patient, surgeons, surgical technicians, nurse anesthetists and nurse practitioners.  Surgical nurses may practice in different types of surgery:

• General surgery 
• Vascular surgery 
• Surgical Oncology 

A geriatric nurse, or gerontological nurse, is a type of nurse that helps care for aging and elderly individuals. A Geriatric Nurse assists doctors in taking care of the mental and physical health of older patients who are at greater risk of injuries and diseases.

Establishing a patient care plan and setting health goals. Administering medications to patients based on a care plan.

Nursing informatics is a career filed. Nursing informatics is a  specialists facilitate data integration, information and knowledge so that they provide better support to patients, nurses and other health care providers. Nursing informatics is a field of nursing that include nursing, computer, and information sciences to maintain and develop medical data and systems to support the practice of nursing, and to improve patient care outcomes. There are a number of career options available in this lane, including the following:

• Nursing informatics specialist
• Clinical analyst
• Clinical informatics coordinator
• Nursing informatics analyst

Maternal and child health specialists work to improve the health delivery system through advocacy, education and research.  They accomplish this by discovering and testing solutions through applied research and by developing implementing and or evaluating health programs at the local, state, national and international levels. Their well-being determines the health of the next generation and can help predict future public health challenges for families, communities, and the health care system.

Critical care nurses require a specialized set of skills since they literally deal with life-and-death matters on a daily basis. They often work in hospital ICUs. Critical care nurses can be found working in a wide variety of environments and specialties.

• General intensive care units
• Medical intensive care units
• Surgical intensive care units
• Coronary care units
• Cardiothoracic intensive care units, burns unit
• Trauma center emergency departments. 

Neonatal nursing is a nursing that works with new-born infants born with a variety of problems ranging from prematurity, birth defects, infection, cardiac malformations, and surgical problems. Neonatal nurses work in neonatal intensive care units, where new-born babies who are premature or ill can receive continuous care. A few neonatal nurses may care for infants up to about 2 years of age. Most neonatal nurses care for infants from the time of birth until they are discharged from the hospital.

Psychiatric nurses assist to the patients who suffer with mental illnesses. They work in hospitals and in-patient care facilities to ensure that patients take their medications, stay safe from harm, and attend counselling sessions. They can also work with patients who have Alzheimer’s or dementia either through in-home care or skilled nursing facilities and provide medical care to patients who have mental health issues. Psychiatric nurses work in many environments. A few common ones are:

• Hospitals
• Psychiatric hospitals
• Home healthcare organizations
• Outpatient mental health organizations

An environmental health nurse is a nursing professional who focuses on identifying different issues in the environment that can have an impact on the health and wellbeing of those in the area. Environmental health nurses work on improving the health of an entire population instead of on caring for a single patient at a time.

Oncology nursing is probably one of the most challenging and rewarding in nursing field. This education should be done effectively throughout the treatment of the disease and take care of the patient, according to the teaching style that best suits the particular patient. The nurse are educate the patients on their condition and side effect and how to prevent complication. An oncology nurse is a nursing professional who specializes in caring and treatment for people with cancer. Oncology nurses must have appropriate training in the administration, handling, side effects, and dosing of chemotherapy. Each institution will have its own policies for various chemotherapy drugs to ensure adequate training and for prevention of errors. Their practices in the association will a number of oncologic disciplines, consisting of the surgical oncology, radiation oncology, gynecologic   oncology and the medical oncology.